Become Famous on the Internet
Thursday, June 26th, 2003
This photo, of part of a subway ad for a Japanese magazine, has the word “blog” highlighted. I’m told that a rough translation might be, “Become famous on the Internet with a ‘blog.’”
This photo, of part of a subway ad for a Japanese magazine, has the word “blog” highlighted. I’m told that a rough translation might be, “Become famous on the Internet with a ‘blog.’”
When I checked out, this morning in Melbourne, the clerk said, “You’re Dutch, yes?” The man — from Calcutta — who sat next to me on the plane to Christchurch said he would have guessed I was “anything but American.”
In the airport, at security, this scene: My clothing line is being confiscated. Possible weapon. Helpful security woman explains. “We even take plastic toothpicks.” My eyebrows raise. She says, “Straight in the jugular” and makes a short, expressive jerk with her hand toward her throat. Says, “You’re from the States. You should understand.” I say, “I’m from New York, and I don’t understand.”
A friend in England just sent me a scan of the paper version of the Guardian interview. It has a picture!
On a related note, I didn’t mention it at the time, but I was glad that the CD for The New Media Reader got slashdotted a couple months back.
I recently had a nice, long conversation with Hamish Mackintosh, who writes for The Guardian — one of my favorite newspapers. I’m pleased to say that today the resulting interview piece is online. In half a dozen paragraphs we manage to touch on The New Media Reader; the Electronic Literature Organization; the blogs of Jill, Gonzalo, and Tom Tomorrow; as well as things like Hunt the Wumpus and my dad’s Osborne.
I’m in Melbourne, Australia, as a “Visiting Research Fellow” at the School of Applied Communication of the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. I feel honored to have been preceded in this position by folks like Stuart Moulthrop, Mark Amerika, and Jill Walker. And it’s been nice not to have to jump back on the plane after DAC, but be able to stay, and get to know the city some, and channel some of the intellectual energy that a good conference can generate. (Speaking of the conference, my panel statement — which became a short paper in its presentation — is now available from a page with links to all the papers).
In Melbourne, traffic runs against my expectations, and when someone wants to turn right, across traffic, instead of waiting in the middle of the road they pull over to the left. When the other traffic has passed they drive all the way across the road. They call it a “hook turn.”
Half the interesting things in this city are down dark alleys. Doors open off alleys into courtyards with staircases, and you can start to hear the beat of music after you get a flight up, then the murmuring wall of people talking, then high tinks of glass or silverware, and then no longer hear the unsyncopated feet of those with you on the stair.
I’ve been working on a review of Marie-Laure Ryan’s Narrative as Virtual Reality for Computers and the Humanities. I posted a version of it over at grandtextauto (where we’re using blog software that supports comments) and I’ve already had a response from the author herself!
I used Apple’s Keynote for my DAC slides — and liked it quite well — but then was surprised to find that there’s no option for exporting to html. So I’ve exported the slides as a PDF “From Instrumental Texts to Textual Instruments.”
DAC was great, by the way. That perfect combination of new ideas/stimulations from the presentations and plenty of informal conversation and brainstorming with really smart folk. There’s no DAC planned for next year, which is sad. But Mary Flanagan, Nick Montfort, and I are starting to toy with the idea of a one-day DAC-affiliated workshop/party in New York City next summer. Anyone with thoughts on that idea please email…
I’m going to be a ramblin’ man over the next few months. Next week I’m speaking at the Digital Arts and Culture conference in Melbourne, Australia — after which I’ll be in Australia and New Zealand for a few weeks. In late June I’ll be giving a couple lectures at Keio University in Tokyo, Japan (at the Mita and Fujisawa campuses) and visiting folks for about 10 days. In early July I’ll be talking at the Summer Literary Seminars in St. Petersburg, Russia — and from there making my way into Europe to visit various people and places.
I hope to keep blogging here and at grandtextauto while I’m on the road — probably more personal stuff here, and the material that’s appropriate over there. And I’ll put up more specific talk dates as they become clear, just in case anyone wants to drop in…
The cat’s out of the bag. Gonzalo Frasca just posted a link to the nascent group blog I’m doing with Andrew Stern, Michael Mateas, Stuart Moulthrop, and Nick Montfort: grandtextauto.org.
Yesterday we had our first public showing of Screen (previous posts: 1, 2) as part of the Boston Cyberarts Festival. Folks like Stephanie Strickland, Bill Seaman, Scott Rettberg, and William Gillespie came, and their reactions made me smile. We’ll be doing it again May 3rd (write to me if you want to come and the reservations are full).
Perhaps the biggest piece of news with Screen since my last post is that we have another collaborator for the interaction design and I have a new co-author for the text: Robert Coover. Bob is, of course, well-known as a professor and supporter of electronic writing — now he’s also, officially, a practitioner. The biggest change that’s come from working on the text with this new collaborator is that the project no longer tries to fit a many-layered metastory into five screenfuls of text. Instead, the underlying themes of that story are now the explicit focus — memory as a virtual experience, memory’s instabilities, and our relationship with these — though three “minitales” are still told.
Working with Bob on a piece of electronic writing also brings me a long way from where I began. My first piece of ewriting, in high school, generated text using starting material from (among other places) his story “The Gingerbread House.” Some interesting effects emerged from that borrowed text, but not nearly as good as the ones achieved working with the author directly.
Screen has also been accepted for a sketch presentation at SIGGRAPH 2003. One of my collaborators, Joshua J. Carroll, will be doing the presentation — hopefully joined by Shawn Greenlee and/or Andrew McClain. I’ll be in Europe and won’t make it back for the occasion. I posted an earlier version of the PDF before, but here’s a revised version.
Some people have asked me if Screen is related to the project discussed in Matt Mirapaul’s NYTimes article over the summer. Not only is it related, it’s the very one — he just didn’t mention its name (local mirror of article text). Screen also got a nice mention in Brandon’s blog a little while back.
Last week Jesper Juul — who’s visiting MIT from Copenhagen — gave a talk here called “About the Game.” It was very well received, impressing the audience members from Brown’s Graphics Group as well as those from German Studies.
One of the impressive things about Jesper’s talk was a definition of games he offered that I think is essentially correct — though it creates a typology in which the kind of game I played most while growing up (pen and paper RPGs) is considered borderline. Here are the parts of the definition:
What makes the RPGs I played border cases, as I understand it, is that there’s a Game Master who does active interpretation of the rules during play — in some sense RPGs lack fixed rules. Of course, the only games I’ve ever played where we didn’t actively interpret rules at some point were computer games, but I didn’t find this a problem with Jesper’s talk because (a) he recognizes that these phenomena are not binary (he calls RPGs border cases, rather than throwing them out of the category of games) and (b) his main goal, as I see it, is to construct a definition useful for computer games.
I don’t think Jesper’s game definition is online anywhere, but he also talked about some of his ideas of game innovation contained in “Just what is it that makes computer games so different, so appealing?”
Matt Kirshenbaum’s review of the NMR (mentioned previously) is now online at EBR. Meanwhile, Matt Webb has written a nice post about the project based on the website, and I’m looking forward to hearing what more he’ll have to say once he’s had a look at the book/CD.
I’m running a piece of software by Rebecca Ross called OkayNews. On a MacOS X machine, it brings up a Finder alert with a NYTimes headline every 20 minutes. You have to click “okay” to keep working with your computer. In a sense you have to approve the news — or at least acknowledge the official version of events — in order to go forward with whatever you’re doing. I like it conceptually, and in addition the currently news-obsessed part of me likes the mid-90s-retro “push media” aspect of the project.
Meanwhile, my electronic writing reading list has been expanding rapidly. Here are a couple things I’ve been meaning to blog for a month:
Michael Mateas’s thesis can now be found on his publications page. Michael’s doing some of the most important work happening in electronic writing (including the Facade collaboration with Andrew Stern that I’ve written about before). I’m looking forward to visiting Michael at Georgia Tech in the Fall and learning more about what he’s up to — and, of course, I’m looking forward to reading his dissertation before then.
How Latitudes Became Forms is a project from the Walker Art Center that includes several things I want to check out. For example, Translation Map by Warren Sack and Sawad Brooks is interesting in itself, and may also call out to be used as the platform for an ewriting project. Big [B]Other, on the other hand, is an ewriting project itself — rather than a potential platform for one.
My grandfather died Sunday. The funeral will be at Arlington National Cemetery. He was a doctor in the U.S. Navy. He was up walking the deck, a few minutes before sick call, when the Japanese planes appeared over Pearl Harbor. And, afterward, he did triage — choosing who would die, who they would let die, because there weren’t enough doctors to save everyone who should have lived. That was the part it hurt him to talk about.
I’ve cried for him and my family. And I’ve also cried because it’s through his pain that I read that the U.S. keeps bombing the city of Baghdad. It’s like bombing San Francisco instead of Pearl Harbor. In Basra there’s not enough water to drink. Someone there is having to choose which kids, who should all have lived, will have to die.
This is the writing exercise I did with my electronic writing students at our Tuesday class meeting. The Dallas half is from a workshop I took with Chris Spain.
A. Write “Dallas” or “Baghdad” at the top of your paper.
B. If you wrote Dallas, write the JFK assassination from Jackie’s first-person point of view. If you wrote Baghdad, write the “shock and awe” bombing of the city from the perspective of a civilian in the city. Time: five minutes.
C. Next, if you wrote Dallas, write the JFK assassination from JFK’s second-person point of view. If you wrote Baghdad, write the bombing from President Hussein’s second-person point of view. Five min.
D. Finally, if you wrote Dallas, write the assassination from Oswald’s third-person point of view. If you wrote Baghdad, write the bombing from the third-person POV of a soldier on a US aircraft carrier.
Of course, I hadn’t expected to wake up this morning to read “War erupted Wednesday night as the United States launched Tomahawk cruise missiles and aimed 2000-pound bombs at Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and other ‘leadership targets’ in Baghdad.” They’re spinning the war as assassination. One of the few methods that’s worked for starting up a world war.
Now, over the next two weeks, the results of the writing exercises are being interconnected and edited on our class wiki. Who knows what those weeks will bring.
Jill expressed interest in yesterday’s post about Screen, so, in case anyone would like to know more, here’s another image and a link to a short PDF about the project. Some out there may recognize the particular constrained writing form used in the PDF (one page, two columns, alphabetical authors…).

What happens at the end. (Michelle Higa)
In other news, I’m talking about The New Media Reader tonight at NYU with Ken Perlin and Christiane Paul (Nick can’t make it). The event’s at 719 Broadway, 12th floor, 7pm (more details on all of these at the NMR website). I’m particularly looking forward to tonight’s talk, because it’s hosted by the NYU Center for Advanced Technology — which provided essential support for the NMR. (Also, a nice post about the project from Adrian.)
My Cave collaboration with Joshua J Carroll, Shawn Greenlee, and Andrew McClain is coming along nicely. It’s called Screen. Words peel from the walls toward the reader, who can strike them back with her hand. Here’s an image:

(Michelle Higa)
Inspired by Scott Rettberg’s blogging of my talk at Temple, I’ve posted a section of my slides from that evening. These are the ones that address the questions “What is electronic writing?” and “What is hypertext?” (The folks at Temple asked me to give my talk a bit of a personal perspective, which explains the “What about me?” moments.)
I’d be interested to hear what folks think about these, though as my current blog software lacks both comments and trackback (this may change soon) it’ll have to be via email: noah@NOqueeg.SPAMcom (removing “NO” and “SPAM” from the machine name).
Yesterday I got a copy of American Book Review with Matt Kirshenbaum’s review of The New Media Reader. It brought a big smile to my face. It’s both a thoughtful essay and a positive review. What more could an editor ask?
It looks like there’s a lot of good stuff in the issue, which includes a special section on New Media Studies edited by Scott Rettberg (of which Matt’s essay is part) as well as a review of Robert Coover’s recent The Grand Hotels. (Jill blogged the special section way back in February, before Moveable Type.)
I’ve (finally) put online an essay I wrote with Brion Moss a little while back — “The Impermanence Agent: Project and Context.” It was originally written for a special issue of PAJ, and then revised and expanded for Cybertext Yearbook 2001, and now it’s had another small revision. Along the way it’s picked up a couple nice sidebars by Adam Chapman, and some of the illustrations have been revised as well.
Last Fall I got email from someone who’d taught this essay, and I was intrigued to hear about some of the student reactions. Here’s part of the email:
The background: most of my students are in CS or HCI. Some of the major issues we discussed in class were the differences between an agent as a research product vs. agent as cultural artifact – people were intrigued by how you had set up your agent to make particular conceptual points, that wasn’t something previously in their repertoire and they thought it was an interesting idea. Critiques of agents sit well with my students (they had read some cultural critique of agents before), so they were interested in your critique and mused about various aspects of it. They also liked the idea about relating CTP to PD and we talked about that quite a bit.
The biggest effect your article had, though, was that one of my more technical students said, “Why is he talking about all this personal stuff in the paper? Why doesn’t he just get to the point and tell us his results?” which led to a long, interesting, and very fruitful conversation on disciplinary differences in communication, why artists/writers/cultural critics think personal experience is central in knowledge vs. why scientists generally don’t, what are the pros and cons of each aspect, why each might look silly from the other’s point of view, etc., and how this leads to problems in interdisciplinarity.
If you live in the U.S., I urge you to tell the EFF your story. What kind of story? One that can help their case with the Librarian of Congress that exceptions need to be made in the DMCA for certain legitimate uses. I just told them my story about DVDs I bought in the UK, though the topics on which they seek stories don’t all involve globetrotting. For example, they also want to hear from people who’ve encountered “DVDs with promotional material you couldn’t skip.”
I got an email this morning which said, in part:
I read your most recent post, and am sorry the person e-mailing you was so hostile. It got me to wondering whether you think that all subscription schemes on the Web are — well — not the way to go; as they are not all the same. What of those, for example, that offer some content for free, but make more articles or features available to paid subscribers? Then there are the scholarly publications which are made available online as well as in print, and often only to people who have paid a membership fee; but I do understand that those are different in reach and purpose from the Web publications you’re concerned with in this post. Nevertheless, this is yet another Web publishing paradigm that involves money in some way.
Here’s part of my response:
Right now we mostly use the hypertext network for disseminating articles that could pretty much appear on paper. But what people like Ted Nelson envisioned was that we’d have a hypertext network in which link-following was not like tracing a footnote, but like turning a page. We’re starting to see some of that emerging on the Web now with thing like weblogs – reading as a process of following links between many disparate things, and writing as the process of making them.
Things that are subscription or micropayment based don’t prevent the kind of reading and writing that Nelson envisioned. They just restrict it to those who can pay. And that leads us back to what I was talking about in my email.
I actually wrote a whole essay about this (and some related issues) a while back. If you’re interested, it’s at: http://www.intelligentagent.com/archive/spring_linking.html
What I should have remembered to say in my response, but didn’t, was that we do have something going for us as we resist the pay-per-viewing of the hypertext network: the fact that people are accustomed to a very different network, more like a library. This unspoken assumption will work powerfully against those who wish to move the Web toward a different model. I believe that we who are “content providers” in the world of new media should be working to reinforce this expectation of a library — not break it down. Every time we participate in a pay-per-view project on the Web (whether as contributors or subscribers, and whatever the model) we’re working to break it down. I should also have mentioned that the article linked above is very much focused on things that are like documents, and not on things that are more like performances and games — which don’t admit the same types of interlinking, and the experience of which is probably not best thought of as “reading.”
Even with my forgetfulness, it took me a little bit longer to write the response than I expected, because I found that Intelligent Agent had reorganized its archives, and so the old URL I had didn’t work. (After finding the web version of the article again I also corrected the link in the “Books and Articles” section of this page.) I was excited to read, while looking for the article’s new URL, that Intelligent Agent is resuming publication. IA was one of the best new media publications of the 90s — focused on new media in the arts and education — and it should have a lot to offer our rapidly-aging decade. Here’s hoping they don’t choose a model of web subscription. (Perhaps the fact that they’ve become a non-profit organization is a positive indication in this regard.)
I was recently invited to contribute to a subscription-based Web magazine. Here’s part of the response I sent:
[Your magazine] sounds very interesting. Unfortunately, I’m one of those dinosaurs who’s still bothered by the idea of subscription stuff on the Web. I still imagine a hypertext network in which link authoring and link following are integral to reading and writing. If the network becomes largely subscription based (or micropayment based) then we’ll be restricting writing and reading to those who can pay – giving up on the dream I grew up on in public schools and libraries (of people being able to read and write at all income levels, or even as children with no money to spend). I know it’s a dream we haven’t always delivered on as a society, but it’s still an important one to me.
In any case, I very much wish you well personally with [your magazine], even if it’s the sort of thing I don’t feel I can support in general. It sounds like something I’d otherwise be excited to participate in. And I understand that the other income models we’ve come up with for the Web are no better (and arguably worse). I consider it one of the biggest puzzles we face as a field.
Here’s the response I received this morning:
> we’ll be restricting writing and reading to those who can pay –
> giving up on the dream I grew up on in public schools and libraries
Publishers have always gotten paid. Your call amounts to relegating writing, and the Web, into a hobby for the leisure classes and the state-supported academic nobility.
As it is new years day, I won’t write any more; beginning the new year with fury would be a bad precedent.
I wrote:
> Publishers have always gotten paid.
Right. And in the world of libraries and bookstores the need for multiple copies meant that the different copies could be available in different ways – some for pay by the individual, some purchased by the society to make available without individual pay. The puzzle now is how do we find a way to (1) support writers and publishers as well as (2) preserve the dream of the public school and library. It’s a puzzle because we don’t need multiple copies on the network.
> Your call amounts to relegating writing, and the Web,
> into a hobby for the leisure classes and the state-
> supported academic nobility.
My call is to continue to search for other models – because micropayment and subscription foreclose the idea of a library. My desire to write came up while spending most of my elementary school afternoons at the library. The more I read, the more I could read – I wasn’t using up my reading budget. I don’t want to contribute to creating a web that would foreclose this possibility for future kids.
> As it is new years day, I won’t write any more; beginning
> the new year with fury would be a bad precedent.
I’m sorry to hear that my position evokes fury in you. Yours does not evoke it in me. I really do think this is a puzzle, and that well meaning people can take different positions.
If you’re seriously interested in hyperfiction, point your browser immediately to the download site for “Architecture, Authorial Idioms and Early Observations of the Interactive Drama Façade.” The Façade project — a collaboration between Michael Mateas and Andrew Stern — is one of the most interesting things happening in the hyperfiction field. This new CMU CS tech report is the best available overview of the project. Here’s their abstract:
Façade is an artificial intelligence-based art/research experiment in electronic narrative — an attempt to move beyond traditional branching or hyper-linked narrative to create a fully-realized, one-act interactive drama. Integrating an interdisciplinary set of artistic practices and artificial intelligence technologies, we are completing a three year collaboration to engineer a novel architecture for supporting emotional, interactive character behavior and drama-managed plot. Within this architecture we are building a dramatically interesting, real-time 3D virtual world inhabited by computer-controlled characters, in which the user experiences a story from a first-person perspective. Façade will be publicly released as a free download in 2003.
This is the telling title of an article by Greg M. Smith in the new issue of Game Studies. It’s amazing how much people don’t think of computer games as a textual medium — as something that people called writers are involved in creating.
This has come up recently because I’m teaching electronic writing next semester. In connection with this a number of people have asked me something like, “Is it possible to make a living as an electronic writer?” My answer is, “Of course.” Electronic poets subsist the way print poets do (day jobs, teaching, grants, readings for the well-known) and electronic writers in popular genres can make a quite healthy income. They say, “Popular electronic writing?” And I say, “Yes: computer games.” Sometimes they understand what I mean immediately, but more often I have to talk about things like our SIGGRAPH 2003 panel where James Leach discussed the tens of thousands of lines of human-authored dialogue that went into making Black & White the experience it is.
Of course, despite my spin on the situation, it’s also worth noting that the Game Studies article names a director, character designer, and producer for the game on which it focuses (Final Fantasy VII) — but not a writer. (Unfortunately, it also mis-spells Hironobu Sakaguchi’s name.) And, well, it’s also the case that the dialogue in FF7 isn’t usually held up as a shining example of the writer’s craft (but then, neither is that in many popular entertainments).
I think the most valuable contribution of Smith’s article for electronic writers will be its discussion of writing problems particular to RPG-style games, such as the “requirement of using very terse dialogue lines to reveal complicated backstory” with relatively little requirement for text to move the plot forward (which happens through the gameplay). Smith discusses the use of “[m]eetings, informants, news reports, discussing information already known by the characters, terms of address, embedding history in character attitudes and using outsiders to prompt questions” in FF7 and how these both follow and diverge from standard practices in writing for film and television.